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Status
Maryland has three species of Bulboschoenus and they are all native. Bolboschoenus novae-angliae is rare in Maryland (S2) and throughout its native range (G3).
Description
Bulboschoenus species can be difficult to distinguish unless mature fruits are present. Characteristics of the achenes and inflorescences are important for identification. In Bolboschoenus fluviatilis, the achenes are trigonous with bristles that are longer than the achene. The other two species known from Maryland have rounded achenes with bristles as long as or shorter than the achenes. Bolboschoenus novae-angliae has an open inflorescence with 15-50 spikelets. Bolboschoenus robustus has a dense inflorescence with 5-20 spikelets (Weakley, FSUS).
Where To Find
Bulboschoenus species can be found in tidal marshes and at the edges of rivers. Bolboschoenus novae-angliae and Bolboschoenus robustus are typically found in freshwater and brackish tidal marshes. Bolboschoenus fluviatilis is more typically found in freshwater tidal marshes and along the edges of rivers (Weakley, FSUS).
Citations
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Source: Wikipedia
| Bolboschoenus | |
|---|---|
| |
| B. yagara infructescences | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Bolboschoenus (Asch.) Palla in Hallier & Brand[1] |
| Type species | |
| Bolboschoenus maritimus [2] | |
| Synonyms[3][2] | |
Bolboschoenus is a genus of plants in the sedge family, of nearly cosmopolitan distribution.[3][4][5] Epipaleolithic and Neolithic peoples used ground root tubers of these plants to make the first breads.[6][7]
- Accepted species
- Bolboschoenus caldwellii (V.J.Cook) Soják – Australia, New Zealand
- Bolboschoenus capensis (Burm.f.) Holub – Cape Province of South Africa
- Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (Torr.) Soják – Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Canada, United States, northeastern Mexico
- Bolboschoenus glaucus (Lam.) S.G.Sm. – southern Europe, Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, India, Mongolia
- Bolboschoenus grandispicus (Steud.) Lewej. & Lobin – coastal dunes in Senegal
- Bolboschoenus laticarpus Marhold, Hroudová, Ducháček & Zákr – central Europe from Britain and France to Ukraine; Algeria, Turkey
- Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla in W.D.J.Koch – widespread across much of temperate and subtropical Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America and various islands
- Bolboschoenus medianus (V.J.Cook) Soják – Australia, New Zealand
- Bolboschoenus nobilis (Ridl.) Goetgh. & D.A.Simpson – Angola, Namibia
- Bolboschoenus novae-angliae (Britton) S.G.Sm. – northeastern United States from Maine south along the seacoast to Georgia
- Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F.Schmidt) T.V.Egorova – much of Europe and Asia from Spain to Japan and south to New Guinea
- Bolboschoenus robustus (Pursh) Soják – eastern United States; California, Bermuda, Bahamas, east coast of Mexico (from Tamaulipas to Tabasco), New Brunswick, northern South America
- Bolboschoenus schmidii (Raymond) Holub – Iran, Central Asia
- Bolboschoenus stagnicola (Raymond) Soják. – Pakistan
- Bolboschoenus yagara (Ohwi) Y.C.Yang & M.Zhan – northern Eurasia from Germany and Sweden to Japan and Kamchatka, including Russia, Siberia, China
References
[edit]- ^ Palla's treatment of Ascherson's Scirpus sect. Bolboschoenus, which he ranked as the genus Bolboschoenus, was published in Synopsis der Deutschen und Schweizer Flora, enthaltend die genauer bekannten phanerogamischen gewächse, so wie die cryptogamischen gefäss-pflanzen, welche in Deutschland, der Schweiz, in Preussen und Istrien wild wachsen, Edition 3. 2531. 1905. Hallier & Brand, Leipzig. Plant Name Details for Genus Bolboschoenus. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ a b "Name - Bolboschoenus (Asch.) Palla". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
- ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Govaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Hroudová, Z., Gregor, T. & Zákravsky, P. (2009). Die verbreitung von Bolboschoenus-Arten in Deutschland. Kochia 4: 1-22.
- ^ González Carretero, Lara; Wollstonecroft, Michèle; Fuller, Dorian Q. (2017-03-16). "A methodological approach to the study of archaeological cereal meals: a case study at Çatalhöyük East (Turkey)". Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 26 (4): 415–432. Bibcode:2017VegHA..26..415G. doi:10.1007/s00334-017-0602-6. ISSN 0939-6314. PMC 5486841. PMID 28706348.
- ^ Arranz-Otaegui, Amaia; Carretero, Lara Gonzalez; Ramsey, Monica N.; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Richter, Tobias (2018-07-11). "Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (31): 7925–7930. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.7925A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1801071115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6077754. PMID 30012614.
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